Sunday, November 21, 2010
Latihan
Tuesday, August 10, 2010
Sunday, August 1, 2010
Plankton, base of ocean food web, in big decline
Despite their tiny size, plant plankton found in the world's oceans are crucial to much of life on Earth. They are the foundation of the bountiful marine food web, produce half the world's oxygen and suck up harmful carbon dioxide.
They also are declining sharply.
Worldwide phytoplankton levels are down 40 percent since the 1950s, according to a study published Wednesday in the journal Nature. The probable cause is global warming, which makes it hard for the plant plankton to get vital nutrients, researchers say.
The numbers are both staggering and disturbing, say the Canadian scientists who did the study and a top U.S. government scientist.
"It's concerning because phytoplankton is the basic currency for everything going on in the ocean," said Dalhousie University biology professor Boris Worm, a study co-author. "It's almost like a recession ... that has been going on for decades."
Half a million datapoints dating to 1899 show that plant plankton levels in almost all the world's oceans started to drop in the 1950s. The biggest changes are in the Arctic, southern and equatorial Atlantic and equatorial Pacific oceans. Only the Indian Ocean is not showing a decline. The study's authors said it is too early to say that plant plankton is on the verge of vanishing.
Virginia Burkett, the chief climate change scientist for the U.S. Geological Survey, said plankton numbers are worrisome and show problems that cannot be seen just by watching bigger more charismatic species like dolphins or whales.
"These tiny species are indicating that large-scale changes in the ocean are affecting the primary productivity of the planet," said Burkett, who was not involved in the study.
When plant plankton plummet, as they do during El Nino climate cycles, sea birds and marine mammals starve and die in huge numbers, experts said.
Despite their tiny size, plant plankton found in the world's oceans are crucial to much of life on Earth. They are the foundation of the bountiful marine food web, produce half the world's oxygen and suck up harmful carbon dioxide.
They also are declining sharply.
Worldwide phytoplankton levels are down 40 percent since the 1950s, according to a study published Wednesday in the journal Nature. The probable cause is global warming, which makes it hard for the plant plankton to get vital nutrients, researchers say.
The numbers are both staggering and disturbing, say the Canadian scientists who did the study and a top U.S. government scientist.
"It's concerning because phytoplankton is the basic currency for everything going on in the ocean," said Dalhousie University biology professor Boris Worm, a study co-author. "It's almost like a recession ... that has been going on for decades."
Half a million datapoints dating to 1899 show that plant plankton levels in almost all the world's oceans started to drop in the 1950s. The biggest changes are in the Arctic, southern and equatorial Atlantic and equatorial Pacific oceans. Only the Indian Ocean is not showing a decline. The study's authors said it is too early to say that plant plankton is on the verge of vanishing.
Virginia Burkett, the chief climate change scientist for the U.S. Geological Survey, said plankton numbers are worrisome and show problems that cannot be seen just by watching bigger more charismatic species like dolphins or whales.
"These tiny species are indicating that large-scale changes in the ocean are affecting the primary productivity of the planet," said Burkett, who was not involved in the study.
When plant plankton plummet, as they do during El Nino climate cycles, sea birds and marine mammals starve and die in huge numbers, experts said.
Saturday, June 19, 2010
OFFICIAL WORLDCUP SOCCER BALL 1978-2010
“JABULANI”, the Official Match Ball for the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa.
Jabulani - means “to celebrate” in Zulu
Teamgeist Soccer Ball
Teamgeist Germany, 2006
For FIFA World Cup Germany, 2006
Teamgeist - German for "Team Spirt"
Official World Cup Fevernova Soccer Ball
Fevernova TM: Korea Japan, 2002
For FIFA World Cup Korea Japan, 2002, Adidas created a new ball made up of thicker inner layers to increase the accuracy of the ball in flight
Official World Cup Tricolore Soccer Ball
By 1998, FIFA World Cup France was played with a ball which sported the French red-white-blue tri-color. A complete departure from the old traditional black and white pattern. The first official World Cup soccer ball that was in color. The TRICOLORE used underglass print technology with a thin layer of syntactic foam.
Official World Cup Questra Soccer Ball
FIFA World Cup USA, 1994, official ball which was enveloped in a layer of polystyrene foam.
This not only made it more waterproof but allowed the ball greater acceleration when kicked. The new game ball felt softer to the touch. Improved ball control and higher velocity during play.
Official World Cup Etrvsco Soccer Ball
Etrvsco Unico - Italy, 1990
The first ball with an internal layer of black polyurethane foam.
Official World Cup Azteca Soccer Ball
Azteca: México, 1986
The FIFA World Cup Mexico, saw the introduction of the first polyurethane coated ball which was rain-resistant. The first synthetic match ball, with good qualities on hard and wet surfaces.
Official World Cup Tango Espana Soccer Ball
Adidas introduced a new ball which had rubber inlaid over the seams to prevent water from seeping through. The first ball with water-resistant qualities. General wear from kicking however meant the rubber began to wear after a short time and needed to be replaced during the game. The last genuine leather world cup ball.
Official World Cup Tango 1978 WC Ball
Soccer ball design experienced another revolution in 1978 with the introduction of the Adidas Tango. Adidas had created what would become a ‘football design classic’. Twenty panels with ‘triads’ created the impression of 12 identical circles. For the following five FIFA World Cup tournaments, the Match Ball design was based on this design. Tango featured improved weather resistance qualities, and took its inspiration from the deep passion, emotion and elegance of Argentina.
The Tango became a successful model. The Tango was also used at the Olympic Games and in the European Cup.
Tuesday, May 18, 2010
KILLER HOUSE PLANT
This plant that we have in our homes and offices is extremely dangerous!
This plant is common in Kenya , Rwanda, Uganda in plant nurseries, many offices and homes. It is a deadly poison, mainly for the children. It can kill a kid in less than a minute and an adult in 15 minutes. It should be uprooted from gardens and taken out of offices. If touched, one should never touch ones eyes; it can cause partial or permanent blindness. Please alert your buddies.Play it safe.
Sunday, May 9, 2010
BAGAIMANAKAH ANDA TIDUR?
Saturday, April 10, 2010
OTAK KANAN DAN OTAK KIRI
Perbezaan teori fungsi otak kanan dan otak kiri telah popular sejak tahun 1960. Seorang pengkaji bernama Roger Sperry telah membuat penemuan bahawa otak manusia terdiri dari 2 hemisfera (bahagian), iaitu otak kanan dan otak kiri yang mempunyai fungsi yang berbeza. Atas jasanya ini beliau mendapat hadiah Nobel pada tahun 1981. Selain itu dia juga menemukan bahawa pada saat otak kanan sedang bekerja maka otak kiri cenderung lebih tenang, demikian pula sebaliknya.
Otak kanan berfungsi dalam hal persamaan, khayalan, kreativiti, bentuk atau ruang, emosi, muzik dan warna. Daya ingat otak kanan bersifat panjang (long term memory). Bila terjadi kerosakan otak kanan misalnya pada penyakit stroke atau tumor otak, maka fungsi otak yang terganggu adalah kemampuan visual dan emosi misalnya.
Otak kiri berfungsi dalam hal perbezaan, angka, urutan, tulisan, bahasa, hitungan dan logikal. Daya ingat otak kiri bersifat jangka pendek (short term memory). Bila terjadi kerusakan pada otak kiri maka akan terjadi gangguan dalam hal fungsi berbicara, berbahasa dan matematika.
Walaupun keduanya mempunyai fungsi yang berbeza, tetapi setiap individu mempunyai kecenderungan untuk mengunakan salah satu belahan yang dominan dalam menyelesaikan masalah hidup dan pekerjaan. Setiap belahan otak saling mendominasi dalam aktiviti namun keduanya terlibat dalam hampir semua proses pemikiran
Monday, April 5, 2010
Leptospirosis (Bakteria Kencing Tikus)
Apakah Leptospirosis (Bakteria Kencing Tikus)?
Leptospirosis adalah merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Bakteria Leptospira interrogans.
Leptospirosis Juga dikenali Penyakit Weil, Demam Icterohemorrhage, Penyakit Swineherd's, Demam pesawah (Ricefield fever), Demam Pemotong tebu (Cane-cutter fever), Demam Swamp, Demam Lumpur, Jaundis berdarah, Penyakit Stuttgart, Demam Canicola.
Bagaimanakah Leptospirosis Tersebar?
Leptospirosis boleh disebarkan oleh pelbagai haiwan seperti tikus, skunks, opossums, raccoons dan musang. Penyakit ini disebarkan melalui sentuhan dengan tanah atau air yang telah dicemari oleh haiwan ini terutamnya melalui luka ataupun membran bermukus, hidung, mata dan mulut. Minuman dan makanan yang telah dicemari dengan bacteria ini juga boleh menyebarkan penyakit ini.
Kalau dilihat melalui mikroskop bentuk virus ini adalah berbentuk spiral dan boleh hidup didalam air tawar selama satu bulan atau lebih. Ia tidak boleh hidup didalam air laut.
Siapakah yang Berisiko Dijangkiti ?
Melakukan pekerjaan yang terdedah kepada panas- Petani, penternak/peladang,
pekerja rumah penyembelihan, doktor haiwan, pemotong kayu, pekerja sistem
pembentungan, pesawah dan anggota tentera.
Aktiviti rekreasi dalam air seperti berenang , berkayak dan berbasikal di laluan denai
di kawasan panas.
Terdedah kepada peralatan di rumah termasuk, binatang peliharaan seperti anjing,
binatang peliharaan untuk disembelih, ruang perangkap air dan mengambil makanan
yang telah digigit oleh binatang seperti tikus, tupai dan arnab.
APAKAH SIMPTOM-SIMPTOM TERKENA JANGKITAN?
Masa pengeraman di antara 2 hingga 26 hari (anggaran 10 hari).
Demam tinggi,menggigil, Sakit Kepala, Lesu / lemah,Muntah-muntah , radang mata, rasa ngilu dibahagian betis dan punggung.
Simptom-simptom ini cuma akan kelihatan antara 4 hari ke 9 hari selepas jangkitan.
Maka adalah wajar untuk kita mengambil langkah berjaga-jaga dan pencegahan sebelum terkena.
Apakah Komplikasi Akibat Jangkitan?
• Pada bahagian hati akan menjadi kekuningan pada hari ke 4 dan ke 6. Kegagalan Ginjal (buah pinggang) .
• Jantung berdebar-debar tidak menentu,membengkak dan gagal berfungsi.
• Pada bahagian paru-paru pengidap akan merasa nyilu,batuk berdarah dan sesak nafas.
• Akan berlaku pendarahan dalaman kerana kerosakan pada pembuluh darah pada saluran pernafasan,pencernaan,buah pinggang,alat sulit dan mata.
• Tindakbalas Jarisch-Herxheimer bila diberi penicillin
• Bagi pengidap yang hamil akan berlaku keguguran dan kandungan sama ada lahir tidak cukup bulan,lahir cacat atau kandungan mati semasa lahir
Apa rawatan untuk Leptospirosis?
Antibiotik pilihan adalah penisilin, streptomisin, tetrasiklin dan Erythromycin. . Dialisis ginjal mungkin diperlukan dalam beberapa kes
Bagaimanakah Cara Mencegah Jangkitan?.
• Simpan makanan atau minuman dengan baik agar tidak dicemari.
• Cuci tangan dengan sabun sebelum makan.
• Bersihkan diri selepas melakukan aktiviti luar seperti berkebun dan apa jua aktiviti yang terbuka.
• Untuk majikan pula mereka harus memberi perlindungan kepada pekerja mereka yang mempunyai risiko yang tinggi dijangkiti seperti memberi sarung tangan dsbnya.
• Menjaga kebersihan sekeliling,sediakan tempat membuang sampah yang bertutup, bersihkan tempat bekas air dan kolam renang, pastikan tiada tikus dikawasan sekeliling terutama rumah anda,membuat semburan disinfeksi tempat yang telah dicemari.
• hapuskan tikus-tikus yang berkeliaran
• Tutup makanan dengan sempurna supaya tidak dicemari oleh tikus
Paling mudah perkara ini berjangkit adalah melalui Bekas Tin terutama minuman ringan yang diletak ditempat terbuka.
Jadi ingat-ingatlah! Cuci bahagian atas atau pun minumlah menggunakan straw.